In a normal den, the birthing chamber lies at the end of a tunnel that may be up to 15 feet long in soft soil. The 巢穴, den, 书房 is often slightly elevated above the rest of the tunnel, and no den-lining material is used. The mother keeps the 巢穴, den, 书房 clean 由 eating fecal mater of her pups. The birthing chamber is usually about three feet in diameter and about two feet high.
Shortly before giving birth, a pregnant female will seek out a den. Dens may be a deep riverbank hollow, a cleft between rocks, a hollow log, a 太空 under an upturned 树 或者 a 太空 under a rock overhang. Sometimes 狼 will use abandoned...
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