Stirred, shaken, neat, on the rocks, straight up, with a kick, 或者 dirty. However 你 order them, everyone (save for maybe some Mormons and recovering alcoholics) loves a good cocktail. They have inspired world leaders, famous artists and poets, the 标题 for a cheesy 1988 Tom Cruise film, socialite parties, a genre of above-the-knee dresses, business executives and bar tenders’ creativity. The 鸡尾酒 has infused itself into our popular, historical and literary culture, often becoming as iconic as the famous men and women who drank them.
Can 你 imagine Churchill without a 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 in hand 或者 a book 由 Hemmingway that didn’t describe copious 鸡尾酒 variations? But, have 你 ever wondered where and when your 最喜爱的 5 o’clock drink came from? Was a Manhattan truly invented in Manhattan? Where do Mojitos really come from? Who was Tom Collins anyway? Is a Mai Tai really Hawaiian? From the classic 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 to the lesser known Singapore Sling, here is a 列表 of 10 classic cocktails and the often-controversial stories behind them.
Read away and the 下一个 time 你 are downing your drink at your 最喜爱的 watering hole 或者 politely sipping your drink at a fancy 鸡尾酒 party, 你 can impress your 老友记 with your knowledge of where that delightful (or not so delightful) mixture of alcohols really originated.
1. The Mojito
The drink of sailors? Traditionally made using white rum, sugar 或者 sugar cane juice, lime, carbonated water and mint muddled together, many believe the Mojito is quite possibly world’s first cocktail. Although the image of hardened sailors drinking 朗姆酒 mixed with mint, 青柠, 石灰 and sugar may not match your vision of straight-from-the-bottle gulping pirates, the Mojito has been enjoyed as early as the 16th century.
One story traces the origins of the Mojito back to 16th century Cuba, where the drink was called the “El Draque” in honor of explorer and sailor Sir Francis Drake. Legend has it the drink was first created as a means of covering up the often harsh taste of tafia/aguardiente, a primitive form of rum. The drink improved greatly during the 19th century with the introduction of copper stills that led to the modern (and much better tasting) form of rum. The contemporary name for the drink probably comes from a Cuban sauce called mojo, which is made from garlic, 橄榄 oil and citrus juice. Perhaps in reference to 青柠, 石灰 as a main ingredient, the drink became known as a 鸡尾酒 with “a little mojo” or, in Spanish, a “Mojito.” While the Mojito may be one of the world’s first cocktails, it certainly has not waned in popularity over the years. In fact, the drink first invented to make bad 朗姆酒 tolerable is now a widely 流行的 鸡尾酒 around the world and is an especially 流行的 and refreshing summer drink.
2. The Singapore Sling
A classic 鸡尾酒 often appearing in various forms on drink menus around the world, the Singapore 吊绳, 吊索 was appropriately first concocted in Singapore. While the exact 年 this 鸡尾酒 was created is open to some debate, most agree that the 鸡尾酒 was first created 由 a Hainanese-Chinese bartender named Mr. Ngiam Tong Boon at the Raffles Hotel’s Long Bar in Singapore. It is believed the bartender first mixed up the 鸡尾酒 sometime between 1910 and 1915.
The cocktail, which is made from a mixture of gin, 樱桃 白兰地 and Benedictine in equal parts with a dash of 苦药类, 浓生啤酒, 苦味 and Cointreau and finished off with pineapple and 青柠, 石灰 果汁 and grenadine, was modified in the middle of the 20th century 由 the original creator’s nephew. The newer recipe has been used since and is the base for the modern Singapore Sling. In the Raffles Hotel Museum, visitors can view the 安全 where Mr. Ngiam locked away all of his secret 鸡尾酒 recipe books.
Included is also a hastily written recipe for the Singapore Sling, which was jotted down in 1936 由 a visitor who asked the bartender for the recipe. Today, the drink is served on all Singapore Airlines flights and is mentioned in many 流行的 culture 电影院 and books, including Hunter S. Thompson’s Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, in which lead character Raoul Duke talks about drinking “Singapore Slings with mescal on the side.” 你 can also still order an original Singapore 吊绳, 吊索 at the Raffles Hotel’s Long Bar, where 图标 like Rudyard Kipling and others would once sip this famous, fruity cocktail.
3. The Sidecar
A classic 鸡尾酒 dating back about 100 years, the 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 mixes equal parts 白兰地 或者 Cognac, Cointreau and 柠檬 juice. The origin of the 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 is largely debated, but 流行的 wisdom is that the drink was probably first created in Paris sometime during 或者 just following WWI. In the 1948 book 由 David A. Embury, The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks, the 作者 credits the invention of the drink to an American Army captain in Paris during WWI.
Supposedly the drink was named after the motorcycle 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 “in which the good captain was driven to and from the little 小酒馆 where the drink was born and christened.” Harry’s Bar in Paris is the “little bistro” in which the 作者 is referring to and is often credited as the birthplace of this sweet yet tangy cocktail. Supposedly the mixture of ingredients was first blended when the American captain asked for pre-dinner 鸡尾酒 that would help ease the chill he had caught outside. The French bartender was faced with a dilemma. He knew 白兰地 would be the best liqueur to take off the chill, but he also refused to serve the traditional after 晚餐 drink alone as a pre-dinner cocktail. The result was the bartender mixing 白兰地 with the 橙子, 橙色 flavored Cointreau and adding fresh 柠檬 果汁 to make an appropriate pre-dinner cocktail, and Voila – the 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 was born.
This 鸡尾酒 was especially 流行的 in England and France, where ex-pats like Hemmingway would sip Sidecars at the bar. Although 你 may have an eyebrow raised if 你 are under 70 and ordering this drink today, the 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 is regaining popularity and making a resurgence on contemporary bar menus.
4. The Pisco Sour
Another 鸡尾酒 on the 列表 with a controversial history is the Pisco Sour. A drink made from Pisco (a regional 白兰地 from South America), 柠檬 juice, 苦药类, 浓生啤酒, 苦味 and egg whites, many 辩论 whether the national origin of this drink is Peruvian 或者 Chilean.
Pisco itself dates back to the 16th century. The liqueur distilled from grapes 由 Spanish colonialists in South America in an attempt to make an inexpensive version of Spanish brandy. In Peru, the creation of the Pisco 酸, 酸奶 is attributed to American expatriate Victor “Gringo” Morris at the Morris Bar in Lima, who blended up the drink as a variation of a whiskey sour. The drink immediately became so 流行的 that other major hotels began serving it in their bars also, quickly popularizing the 鸡尾酒 with a international crowd.
In Chile, it is believed the birth of the Pisco 酸, 酸奶 can be attributed to the English steward of a sailing ship, which was stopped at the then Peruvian and now Chilean port city of Iquique in 1872. It was the steward, who 由 mixing the regional liqueur with limes grown in the area, created the first Pisco Sour. Whatever the origins of the famous drink, the Pisco 酸, 酸奶 is the iconic 鸡尾酒 of both Peru and Chile. In fact, both countries celebrate the famous 鸡尾酒 with National Pisco 酸, 酸奶 Days (Peru’s in the first Saturday of February and Chile’s is celebrated May 15th) and there are many variations of the original 鸡尾酒 found around the world today.
5. White Russian
Not named for the country of its origin, but rather for the 伏特加 used in the recipe, White Russians have recently made a booming resurgence in part due to the cult movie classic The Big Lebowiski. The movie’s main character, The Dude, drinks a steady stream of White Russians throughout the film. The use of the word Russian in the name of this drink was mostly due to the fact that when it was first invented sometime in the 1930s, prior to the huge 伏特加 marketing campaign of the 1950s, when 伏特加 was a little known liquor in the United States usually directly associated with its nation of origin, Russia.
The White Russian did not get its current recipe (the drink combines equal parts cream, 伏特加 and Kahula) 或者 moniker until the 1960s. In 1961, the Diner’s Club Drink Book, gave a recipe for a “Black Russian” without cream, implying that the same 鸡尾酒 with cream would therefore be named a White Russian. Today White Russians have inspired a drinking game among college students, who try to keep up with The Dude in their consumption of the 鸡尾酒 while watching The Big Lebowski.
The drink is also the 最喜爱的 drink of lightweights and lushes, as White Russians effectively obfuscate the hefty dose of alcohol in them that they go down the hatch with ease. That’s great for those who rarely drink 或者 for those who drink a little too much (i.e. The Dude, who gets most of his daily nutrition from these creamy little cocktails).
5. The Manhattan
Often called the “King of Cocktails” 或者 the “Drinking Man’s Cocktail,” The Manhattan is a very potent drink and one of the legendary six classic cocktails included in David Embury’s famous book, The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks. The Manhattan is a 鸡尾酒 made with a mixture of whiskey, sweet 苦艾酒 and 苦药类, 浓生啤酒, 苦味 and garnished most often with a maraschino cherry.
Regularly regarded as one of the best cocktails ever created, the Manhattan has a long and debated history. The 鸡尾酒 was supposedly first invented at the Manhattan Club in New York City in the early 1870s. Legend has it that the drink was invented for a banquet hosted 由 Lady Randolph Churchill (Winston Churchill’s mother) in honor of presidential candidate Samuel J. Tilden. The success of the banquet quickly made the 鸡尾酒 fashionable in New York City’s powerful circles and prompted many people to request the drink 由 referring to the name of the club where it originated, calling it “the Manhattan cocktail.”
However, like with almost every 鸡尾酒 on this list, there is great 辩论 as to the truth behind this account of the Manhattan. In fact, some claim that while the drink may have first been mixed at the Manhattan Club, Lady Churchill had nothing to do with the banquet honoring Samuel Tilden and, in fact, was in England at the time giving birth to her soon-to-be famous son. Another legend says that a bartender with the last name Black invented the Manhattan at a bar on Broadway in New York City sometime in the 1860s. Whatever the true story, this 鸡尾酒 does indeed 熊 the name of the island from which it came.
6. The Mai Tai
The fruity, tropical Mai Tai is another 鸡尾酒 with conflicting stories of origin. The drink, which is made of a mixture of white and 金牌 rum, pineapple juice, 橙子, 橙色 and/or 青柠, 石灰 juice, is of American origin despite its Polynesian name. The favored history, however, is that the drink was first created 由 Victor Buergon, better known as “Trader Vic” who invented the 鸡尾酒 at the Polynesian-style restaurant in Oakland, California that bore his name.
Supposedly, Buergon created the first Mai Tai in honor of some 老友记 who were visiting from Tahiti in 1944. After mixing 朗姆酒 with just the right combination of 水果 juices and 橙子, 橙色 flavored liqueur, he served the new 鸡尾酒 to his 老友记 who cried out, “Maitai roa!” (which literally means “very good”), and the 鸡尾酒 was born. However, like most 流行的 cocktails, the Mai Tai’s history is not without controversy.
Trader Vic’s amicable rival, founding father of tiki restaurants, bars and 俱乐部 Donn 海滩 (of Don the Beachcomber restaurants), also claims to have created in the first Mai Tai in 1933 at his newly opened restaurant in Hollywood. Donn 海滩 (the founder legally changed his name after the success of his tiki restaurant chain) is known as the originator of Polynesian style restaurants that became a 流行的 culture craze following WWII. While both men claim to be the original creator of this drink, the Mai Tai’s huge popularity can be mostly owed to both men, who sold the drinks in their wildly 流行的 restaurant chains and forever associated the fruity drink with Hawaii – despite its California origins.
7. Tom Collins
There are a few different legends surrounding the name of the famous and classic Tom Collins cocktail. While many assume the drink was named after a real person, there is much 辩论 whether there ever really was a Tom Collins and whether he lent to his name to this 鸡尾酒 of gin, 柠檬 and 青柠, 石灰 果汁 and soda water. One 流行的 account says the 鸡尾酒 was named after not a Tom, but a John Collins who was a headwaiter at a 伦敦 Hotel in the early 19th century. The cocktail’s name was changed to a Tom Collins when Old Tom brand 杜松子酒 (a sweetened 杜松子酒 rarely used today) was substituted for the drier 杜松子酒 in the original recipe.
Another story, which is the most probable of the various legends, involves a hoax that took over New York City in 1874. The prank went something like this: A friend would run into 你 on the 街, 街道 and, with great concern, tell 你 he just overheard someone named Tom Collins at a bar down the 街, 街道 saying hateful and libelous things about you. 你 race to that bar to confront the bounder, where 你 would be told that Tom Collins had just left for a bar several blocks away. When 你 get there, Collins would already have decamped for another joint across town. As 你 chase all over the city, your 老友记 convulse with laughter. The prank gained such notoriety, that even local newspapers started reporting the hoax. In 1874, the Steubenville Daily Herald reported that the hoax caused “frantic young men to rush wildly through the streets of the city on Saturday hunting for the libelous Tom Collins.” These young men were often directed to find legendary Tom Collins at a local bar.
So how did the hoax turn into the name of a drink? According to 墙 街, 街道 Journal columnist and 鸡尾酒 historian Eric Felten, “It doesn’t take much to imagine how Tom Collins came to be a drink. How many times does someone have to barge into a saloon demanding a Tom Collins before the bartender takes the opportunity to offer him a 鸡尾酒 so-named?” In any event, this 流行的 鸡尾酒 has become a fixture in 鸡尾酒 culture, inspiring the name of a glass (a Collins glass) as well as a pre-mixed and 流行的 Collins Mix.
9. Bloody Mary
Like every other 鸡尾酒 on this list, the history behind the Bloody Mary is also a bit cloudy. One 流行的 legend says that the original Bloody Mary, which was then made using equal parts 番茄 果汁 and 伏特加 and used as a hangover cure, was invented 由 comedian, songwriter and movie producer George Jessel (aka the “Toastmaster General of the United States”). Jessel claimed he created the drink one morning in Palm 海滩 during the 1950s, when he mixed 番茄 果汁 and 伏特加 as a way to recover from an entire night spent drinking. Jessel even appeared in Smirnoff 伏特加 ads in the 1950s declaring, “I, George Jessel invented the Bloody Mary.” However, as aptly put 由 墙 街, 街道 Journal columnist and 鸡尾酒 historian Eric Felten, “Given Jessel’s knack for self-promotion, many doubted his claim,” which made skeptics to 搜索 for the true origin of the drink and opened the door for a legend involving the head bartender at the St. Regis Hotel in New York named Fernand “Peter” Petriot.
Starting in the 1940s, Petriot was supposedly serving up Blood Marys under the alias of “Red Snappers” at the hotel’s King Cole Bar. After the 流行的 番茄 果汁 based 鸡尾酒 became 流行的 in the 1950s, Petriot would claim that he actually first invented the 鸡尾酒 while working at Harry’s Bar in Paris during the 1920s (also supposed birthplace of the Sidecar). However, in reality, the Bloody Mary 流行的 today is in fact a combination of the two men’s creations. Petriot himself admitted that “George Jessel 说 he created it, but it was really nothing but 伏特加 and 番茄 果汁 when I took it over.” While Petriot did inadvertently give credit for the original drink to Jessel, he also specified that it was he who added salt, pepper, cayenne and Worcestershire sauce to the concoction, creating the modern Bloody Mary.
10. The Martini
And, last, but certainly not least, on this 列表 of cocktails is the Martini. The most well-known of cocktails, Western culture has created quite the lore and mythology surrounding the drink. The three-martini lunch became a 流行的 phrase coined for expensive, long lunches taken 由 business executives. In fact, the 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 has become 更多 of a class of drinks than one drink in particular – with variations like Appletinis, 伏特加 martinis and others becoming 流行的 over the years.
The famous and powerful people who have favored the simple, yet potent, original – Winston Churchill, Truman Capote, Ernest Hemmingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald to name a few – have only added to the lore of this 流行的 classic cocktail. The first 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 – 或者 Martini-like drink – was poured sometime between 1862 and 1871 and was called a Martinez, a name to honor the humble town of Martinez, California, where it was purportedly first dreamed up 由 bartender Julio Richelieu, proprietor of the eponymous Julio Richelieu Saloon. That similar (but sweeter) version of the 鸡尾酒 consisted of sweet vermouth, gin, 苦药类, 浓生啤酒, 苦味 and was garnished with a maraschino cherry. This version (which was essentially a 杜松子酒 Manhattan) eventually gave way to the 更多 contemporary drier version that includes gin, 苦艾酒 and 苦药类, 浓生啤酒, 苦味 and was supposedly first made 流行的 when John D. Rockefeller started downing them at the turn of the 20th century.
Although the origins of the first Martinez 日期 back to the 1860s, the modern 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 first rose in popularity starting in 1900s. During prohibition, the 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 became the drink of choice (or no choice in many cases) in speakeasies across the country due to the quick accessibility and production of gin. In fact, it was often a 杜松子酒 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 或者 no drink at all for customers hiding out in their secret watering holes. The modern 伏特加 Martini, which James Bond stalwarts will surely order shaken not stirred, was not created until much later and many 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 purists still claim the idea of a 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 made with 伏特加 is preposterous. A steadfast and iconic cocktail, however, the classic 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 is here to stay, whether made with 伏特加 或者 gin, dirty 或者 not, with varying amounts of vermouth, neat, 或者 over ice.
Can 你 imagine Churchill without a 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 in hand 或者 a book 由 Hemmingway that didn’t describe copious 鸡尾酒 variations? But, have 你 ever wondered where and when your 最喜爱的 5 o’clock drink came from? Was a Manhattan truly invented in Manhattan? Where do Mojitos really come from? Who was Tom Collins anyway? Is a Mai Tai really Hawaiian? From the classic 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 to the lesser known Singapore Sling, here is a 列表 of 10 classic cocktails and the often-controversial stories behind them.
Read away and the 下一个 time 你 are downing your drink at your 最喜爱的 watering hole 或者 politely sipping your drink at a fancy 鸡尾酒 party, 你 can impress your 老友记 with your knowledge of where that delightful (or not so delightful) mixture of alcohols really originated.
1. The Mojito
The drink of sailors? Traditionally made using white rum, sugar 或者 sugar cane juice, lime, carbonated water and mint muddled together, many believe the Mojito is quite possibly world’s first cocktail. Although the image of hardened sailors drinking 朗姆酒 mixed with mint, 青柠, 石灰 and sugar may not match your vision of straight-from-the-bottle gulping pirates, the Mojito has been enjoyed as early as the 16th century.
One story traces the origins of the Mojito back to 16th century Cuba, where the drink was called the “El Draque” in honor of explorer and sailor Sir Francis Drake. Legend has it the drink was first created as a means of covering up the often harsh taste of tafia/aguardiente, a primitive form of rum. The drink improved greatly during the 19th century with the introduction of copper stills that led to the modern (and much better tasting) form of rum. The contemporary name for the drink probably comes from a Cuban sauce called mojo, which is made from garlic, 橄榄 oil and citrus juice. Perhaps in reference to 青柠, 石灰 as a main ingredient, the drink became known as a 鸡尾酒 with “a little mojo” or, in Spanish, a “Mojito.” While the Mojito may be one of the world’s first cocktails, it certainly has not waned in popularity over the years. In fact, the drink first invented to make bad 朗姆酒 tolerable is now a widely 流行的 鸡尾酒 around the world and is an especially 流行的 and refreshing summer drink.
2. The Singapore Sling
A classic 鸡尾酒 often appearing in various forms on drink menus around the world, the Singapore 吊绳, 吊索 was appropriately first concocted in Singapore. While the exact 年 this 鸡尾酒 was created is open to some debate, most agree that the 鸡尾酒 was first created 由 a Hainanese-Chinese bartender named Mr. Ngiam Tong Boon at the Raffles Hotel’s Long Bar in Singapore. It is believed the bartender first mixed up the 鸡尾酒 sometime between 1910 and 1915.
The cocktail, which is made from a mixture of gin, 樱桃 白兰地 and Benedictine in equal parts with a dash of 苦药类, 浓生啤酒, 苦味 and Cointreau and finished off with pineapple and 青柠, 石灰 果汁 and grenadine, was modified in the middle of the 20th century 由 the original creator’s nephew. The newer recipe has been used since and is the base for the modern Singapore Sling. In the Raffles Hotel Museum, visitors can view the 安全 where Mr. Ngiam locked away all of his secret 鸡尾酒 recipe books.
Included is also a hastily written recipe for the Singapore Sling, which was jotted down in 1936 由 a visitor who asked the bartender for the recipe. Today, the drink is served on all Singapore Airlines flights and is mentioned in many 流行的 culture 电影院 and books, including Hunter S. Thompson’s Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, in which lead character Raoul Duke talks about drinking “Singapore Slings with mescal on the side.” 你 can also still order an original Singapore 吊绳, 吊索 at the Raffles Hotel’s Long Bar, where 图标 like Rudyard Kipling and others would once sip this famous, fruity cocktail.
3. The Sidecar
A classic 鸡尾酒 dating back about 100 years, the 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 mixes equal parts 白兰地 或者 Cognac, Cointreau and 柠檬 juice. The origin of the 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 is largely debated, but 流行的 wisdom is that the drink was probably first created in Paris sometime during 或者 just following WWI. In the 1948 book 由 David A. Embury, The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks, the 作者 credits the invention of the drink to an American Army captain in Paris during WWI.
Supposedly the drink was named after the motorcycle 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 “in which the good captain was driven to and from the little 小酒馆 where the drink was born and christened.” Harry’s Bar in Paris is the “little bistro” in which the 作者 is referring to and is often credited as the birthplace of this sweet yet tangy cocktail. Supposedly the mixture of ingredients was first blended when the American captain asked for pre-dinner 鸡尾酒 that would help ease the chill he had caught outside. The French bartender was faced with a dilemma. He knew 白兰地 would be the best liqueur to take off the chill, but he also refused to serve the traditional after 晚餐 drink alone as a pre-dinner cocktail. The result was the bartender mixing 白兰地 with the 橙子, 橙色 flavored Cointreau and adding fresh 柠檬 果汁 to make an appropriate pre-dinner cocktail, and Voila – the 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 was born.
This 鸡尾酒 was especially 流行的 in England and France, where ex-pats like Hemmingway would sip Sidecars at the bar. Although 你 may have an eyebrow raised if 你 are under 70 and ordering this drink today, the 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 is regaining popularity and making a resurgence on contemporary bar menus.
4. The Pisco Sour
Another 鸡尾酒 on the 列表 with a controversial history is the Pisco Sour. A drink made from Pisco (a regional 白兰地 from South America), 柠檬 juice, 苦药类, 浓生啤酒, 苦味 and egg whites, many 辩论 whether the national origin of this drink is Peruvian 或者 Chilean.
Pisco itself dates back to the 16th century. The liqueur distilled from grapes 由 Spanish colonialists in South America in an attempt to make an inexpensive version of Spanish brandy. In Peru, the creation of the Pisco 酸, 酸奶 is attributed to American expatriate Victor “Gringo” Morris at the Morris Bar in Lima, who blended up the drink as a variation of a whiskey sour. The drink immediately became so 流行的 that other major hotels began serving it in their bars also, quickly popularizing the 鸡尾酒 with a international crowd.
In Chile, it is believed the birth of the Pisco 酸, 酸奶 can be attributed to the English steward of a sailing ship, which was stopped at the then Peruvian and now Chilean port city of Iquique in 1872. It was the steward, who 由 mixing the regional liqueur with limes grown in the area, created the first Pisco Sour. Whatever the origins of the famous drink, the Pisco 酸, 酸奶 is the iconic 鸡尾酒 of both Peru and Chile. In fact, both countries celebrate the famous 鸡尾酒 with National Pisco 酸, 酸奶 Days (Peru’s in the first Saturday of February and Chile’s is celebrated May 15th) and there are many variations of the original 鸡尾酒 found around the world today.
5. White Russian
Not named for the country of its origin, but rather for the 伏特加 used in the recipe, White Russians have recently made a booming resurgence in part due to the cult movie classic The Big Lebowiski. The movie’s main character, The Dude, drinks a steady stream of White Russians throughout the film. The use of the word Russian in the name of this drink was mostly due to the fact that when it was first invented sometime in the 1930s, prior to the huge 伏特加 marketing campaign of the 1950s, when 伏特加 was a little known liquor in the United States usually directly associated with its nation of origin, Russia.
The White Russian did not get its current recipe (the drink combines equal parts cream, 伏特加 and Kahula) 或者 moniker until the 1960s. In 1961, the Diner’s Club Drink Book, gave a recipe for a “Black Russian” without cream, implying that the same 鸡尾酒 with cream would therefore be named a White Russian. Today White Russians have inspired a drinking game among college students, who try to keep up with The Dude in their consumption of the 鸡尾酒 while watching The Big Lebowski.
The drink is also the 最喜爱的 drink of lightweights and lushes, as White Russians effectively obfuscate the hefty dose of alcohol in them that they go down the hatch with ease. That’s great for those who rarely drink 或者 for those who drink a little too much (i.e. The Dude, who gets most of his daily nutrition from these creamy little cocktails).
5. The Manhattan
Often called the “King of Cocktails” 或者 the “Drinking Man’s Cocktail,” The Manhattan is a very potent drink and one of the legendary six classic cocktails included in David Embury’s famous book, The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks. The Manhattan is a 鸡尾酒 made with a mixture of whiskey, sweet 苦艾酒 and 苦药类, 浓生啤酒, 苦味 and garnished most often with a maraschino cherry.
Regularly regarded as one of the best cocktails ever created, the Manhattan has a long and debated history. The 鸡尾酒 was supposedly first invented at the Manhattan Club in New York City in the early 1870s. Legend has it that the drink was invented for a banquet hosted 由 Lady Randolph Churchill (Winston Churchill’s mother) in honor of presidential candidate Samuel J. Tilden. The success of the banquet quickly made the 鸡尾酒 fashionable in New York City’s powerful circles and prompted many people to request the drink 由 referring to the name of the club where it originated, calling it “the Manhattan cocktail.”
However, like with almost every 鸡尾酒 on this list, there is great 辩论 as to the truth behind this account of the Manhattan. In fact, some claim that while the drink may have first been mixed at the Manhattan Club, Lady Churchill had nothing to do with the banquet honoring Samuel Tilden and, in fact, was in England at the time giving birth to her soon-to-be famous son. Another legend says that a bartender with the last name Black invented the Manhattan at a bar on Broadway in New York City sometime in the 1860s. Whatever the true story, this 鸡尾酒 does indeed 熊 the name of the island from which it came.
6. The Mai Tai
The fruity, tropical Mai Tai is another 鸡尾酒 with conflicting stories of origin. The drink, which is made of a mixture of white and 金牌 rum, pineapple juice, 橙子, 橙色 and/or 青柠, 石灰 juice, is of American origin despite its Polynesian name. The favored history, however, is that the drink was first created 由 Victor Buergon, better known as “Trader Vic” who invented the 鸡尾酒 at the Polynesian-style restaurant in Oakland, California that bore his name.
Supposedly, Buergon created the first Mai Tai in honor of some 老友记 who were visiting from Tahiti in 1944. After mixing 朗姆酒 with just the right combination of 水果 juices and 橙子, 橙色 flavored liqueur, he served the new 鸡尾酒 to his 老友记 who cried out, “Maitai roa!” (which literally means “very good”), and the 鸡尾酒 was born. However, like most 流行的 cocktails, the Mai Tai’s history is not without controversy.
Trader Vic’s amicable rival, founding father of tiki restaurants, bars and 俱乐部 Donn 海滩 (of Don the Beachcomber restaurants), also claims to have created in the first Mai Tai in 1933 at his newly opened restaurant in Hollywood. Donn 海滩 (the founder legally changed his name after the success of his tiki restaurant chain) is known as the originator of Polynesian style restaurants that became a 流行的 culture craze following WWII. While both men claim to be the original creator of this drink, the Mai Tai’s huge popularity can be mostly owed to both men, who sold the drinks in their wildly 流行的 restaurant chains and forever associated the fruity drink with Hawaii – despite its California origins.
7. Tom Collins
There are a few different legends surrounding the name of the famous and classic Tom Collins cocktail. While many assume the drink was named after a real person, there is much 辩论 whether there ever really was a Tom Collins and whether he lent to his name to this 鸡尾酒 of gin, 柠檬 and 青柠, 石灰 果汁 and soda water. One 流行的 account says the 鸡尾酒 was named after not a Tom, but a John Collins who was a headwaiter at a 伦敦 Hotel in the early 19th century. The cocktail’s name was changed to a Tom Collins when Old Tom brand 杜松子酒 (a sweetened 杜松子酒 rarely used today) was substituted for the drier 杜松子酒 in the original recipe.
Another story, which is the most probable of the various legends, involves a hoax that took over New York City in 1874. The prank went something like this: A friend would run into 你 on the 街, 街道 and, with great concern, tell 你 he just overheard someone named Tom Collins at a bar down the 街, 街道 saying hateful and libelous things about you. 你 race to that bar to confront the bounder, where 你 would be told that Tom Collins had just left for a bar several blocks away. When 你 get there, Collins would already have decamped for another joint across town. As 你 chase all over the city, your 老友记 convulse with laughter. The prank gained such notoriety, that even local newspapers started reporting the hoax. In 1874, the Steubenville Daily Herald reported that the hoax caused “frantic young men to rush wildly through the streets of the city on Saturday hunting for the libelous Tom Collins.” These young men were often directed to find legendary Tom Collins at a local bar.
So how did the hoax turn into the name of a drink? According to 墙 街, 街道 Journal columnist and 鸡尾酒 historian Eric Felten, “It doesn’t take much to imagine how Tom Collins came to be a drink. How many times does someone have to barge into a saloon demanding a Tom Collins before the bartender takes the opportunity to offer him a 鸡尾酒 so-named?” In any event, this 流行的 鸡尾酒 has become a fixture in 鸡尾酒 culture, inspiring the name of a glass (a Collins glass) as well as a pre-mixed and 流行的 Collins Mix.
9. Bloody Mary
Like every other 鸡尾酒 on this list, the history behind the Bloody Mary is also a bit cloudy. One 流行的 legend says that the original Bloody Mary, which was then made using equal parts 番茄 果汁 and 伏特加 and used as a hangover cure, was invented 由 comedian, songwriter and movie producer George Jessel (aka the “Toastmaster General of the United States”). Jessel claimed he created the drink one morning in Palm 海滩 during the 1950s, when he mixed 番茄 果汁 and 伏特加 as a way to recover from an entire night spent drinking. Jessel even appeared in Smirnoff 伏特加 ads in the 1950s declaring, “I, George Jessel invented the Bloody Mary.” However, as aptly put 由 墙 街, 街道 Journal columnist and 鸡尾酒 historian Eric Felten, “Given Jessel’s knack for self-promotion, many doubted his claim,” which made skeptics to 搜索 for the true origin of the drink and opened the door for a legend involving the head bartender at the St. Regis Hotel in New York named Fernand “Peter” Petriot.
Starting in the 1940s, Petriot was supposedly serving up Blood Marys under the alias of “Red Snappers” at the hotel’s King Cole Bar. After the 流行的 番茄 果汁 based 鸡尾酒 became 流行的 in the 1950s, Petriot would claim that he actually first invented the 鸡尾酒 while working at Harry’s Bar in Paris during the 1920s (also supposed birthplace of the Sidecar). However, in reality, the Bloody Mary 流行的 today is in fact a combination of the two men’s creations. Petriot himself admitted that “George Jessel 说 he created it, but it was really nothing but 伏特加 and 番茄 果汁 when I took it over.” While Petriot did inadvertently give credit for the original drink to Jessel, he also specified that it was he who added salt, pepper, cayenne and Worcestershire sauce to the concoction, creating the modern Bloody Mary.
10. The Martini
And, last, but certainly not least, on this 列表 of cocktails is the Martini. The most well-known of cocktails, Western culture has created quite the lore and mythology surrounding the drink. The three-martini lunch became a 流行的 phrase coined for expensive, long lunches taken 由 business executives. In fact, the 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 has become 更多 of a class of drinks than one drink in particular – with variations like Appletinis, 伏特加 martinis and others becoming 流行的 over the years.
The famous and powerful people who have favored the simple, yet potent, original – Winston Churchill, Truman Capote, Ernest Hemmingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald to name a few – have only added to the lore of this 流行的 classic cocktail. The first 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 – 或者 Martini-like drink – was poured sometime between 1862 and 1871 and was called a Martinez, a name to honor the humble town of Martinez, California, where it was purportedly first dreamed up 由 bartender Julio Richelieu, proprietor of the eponymous Julio Richelieu Saloon. That similar (but sweeter) version of the 鸡尾酒 consisted of sweet vermouth, gin, 苦药类, 浓生啤酒, 苦味 and was garnished with a maraschino cherry. This version (which was essentially a 杜松子酒 Manhattan) eventually gave way to the 更多 contemporary drier version that includes gin, 苦艾酒 and 苦药类, 浓生啤酒, 苦味 and was supposedly first made 流行的 when John D. Rockefeller started downing them at the turn of the 20th century.
Although the origins of the first Martinez 日期 back to the 1860s, the modern 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 first rose in popularity starting in 1900s. During prohibition, the 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 became the drink of choice (or no choice in many cases) in speakeasies across the country due to the quick accessibility and production of gin. In fact, it was often a 杜松子酒 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 或者 no drink at all for customers hiding out in their secret watering holes. The modern 伏特加 Martini, which James Bond stalwarts will surely order shaken not stirred, was not created until much later and many 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 purists still claim the idea of a 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 made with 伏特加 is preposterous. A steadfast and iconic cocktail, however, the classic 马蒂尼鸡尾酒, 马提尼, 马丁尼 is here to stay, whether made with 伏特加 或者 gin, dirty 或者 not, with varying amounts of vermouth, neat, 或者 over ice.