Research over the last 10 years has shown that sunquakes can be produced when solar flares—huge explosions of energy in the Sun’s atmosphere—impact and travel into the Sun. The quakes appear as circular ripples on the surface of the Sun.
For a 30 小时 spell (Feb 7-8, 2012) the Solar Dynamics 天文台 captured plasma caught in a magnetic dance across the Sun's surface. The results closely resemble extreme tornadic activity on Earth.
There have been only a handful of X-flares since the beginning of new Solar Cycle 24. So far, all in 2011: Feb. 15 (X2), March 9 (X1), Aug. 9 (X7), Sept. 6 (X2), Sept. 7 (X2). Before these the last X-flare was on Dec.14, 2006, during Solar Cycle 23.
