PREHISTORIC DOG FOUND WITH MAMMOTH BONE IN MOUTH
Paleolithic dog remains were found, one dog with a large mammoth bone in its mouth.
The prehistoric 狗 likely hauled mammoth tusks and meat and consumed mammoths too.
The dogs' brains were removed after death, suggesting ritual significance, possibly tied to releasing their spirits.
enlarge
The fossilized dog skull clutches the mammoth bone, seen sticking out of the front. Click to enlarge this image.
Mietje Germonpré
The remains of three Paleolithic dogs, including one with a mammoth bone in its mouth, have been unearthed at Predmostí in the Czech Republic, according to a new Journal of Archaeological Science paper.
The remains indicate what life was like for these prehistoric 狗 in this region, and how humans viewed canines. The 狗 appear to have often sunk their teeth into meaty mammoth bones. These weren’t just mammoth in size, but came from actual mammoths.
In the case of the dog found with the bone in its mouth, the researchers believe a human inserted it there after death.
"The thickness of the cortical bone shows that it is from a large mammal, like a rhinoceros, steppe 野牛 或者 mammoth," lead 作者 Mietje Germonpré told Discovery News. "At Predmostí, mammoth is the best-represented animal, with remains from 更多 than 1,000 individuals, so it is probable that the bone fragment is from a mammoth."
Germonpré, a paleontologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, and colleagues Martina Laznickova-Galetova and Mikhail Sablin, first studied the remains, focusing on the skulls, to see what 动物 they might be. In the fossil record, there is sometimes controversy over what is a wolf, dog 或者 other canid.
"These skulls 显示 clear signs of domestication," Germonpré said, explaining they are significantly shorter than those of fossil 或者 modern wolves, have shorter snouts, and noticeably wider brain cases and palates than 狼 do.
She described them as large, with an estimated body weight of just over 77 pounds. The shoulder height was at least 24 inches.
"The shape of their skull resembles that of a Siberian husky, but they were larger and heavier than the modern husky," she said.
The 狗 died when they were between 4 and 8 years old. They had numerous broken teeth during their lifetimes.
Based on what is known of the human culture at the site, the researchers believe these 狗 “were useful as beasts of burden for the hauling of meat, 识骨寻踪 and tusks from mammoth kill sites and of firewood, and to help with the transport of equipment, limiting the carrying costs of the Predmostí people.”
Since mammoth meat was likely the 食物 staple, the scientists further believe that the surplus meat “would have been available to feed the dogs.”
The dog skulls 显示 evidence that humans perforated them in order to remove the brain. 给 that better meat was available, the researchers think it’s unlikely the brains served as food.
Instead, based on these archaeological finds and the ethnographic record, it’s possible that there was ritual importance to the actions.
"Among many northern indigenous peoples, it was believed that the head contains the spirit 或者 soul," Germonpré explained. “Some of these peoples made a hole in the braincase of the killed animal so that the spirit might be released.”
The mammoth bone in the dog's mouth could signify "that the dog was 'fed' to accompany the soul of the dead (animal) on its journey."
Rob Losey, an associate professor of anthropology at the 大学 of Alberta, told Discovery News that the new study is "very convincing," and shows "quite clearly that the dog domestication process was underway thousands of years earlier than previously thought."
He added, "The distinctive treatment 给 some of the remains also is compelling, and this indicates to me that a special connection had developed between people and some canids quite early on -- long prior to any good evidence for 狗 being buried."
Paleolithic dog remains were found, one dog with a large mammoth bone in its mouth.
The prehistoric 狗 likely hauled mammoth tusks and meat and consumed mammoths too.
The dogs' brains were removed after death, suggesting ritual significance, possibly tied to releasing their spirits.
enlarge
The fossilized dog skull clutches the mammoth bone, seen sticking out of the front. Click to enlarge this image.
Mietje Germonpré
The remains of three Paleolithic dogs, including one with a mammoth bone in its mouth, have been unearthed at Predmostí in the Czech Republic, according to a new Journal of Archaeological Science paper.
The remains indicate what life was like for these prehistoric 狗 in this region, and how humans viewed canines. The 狗 appear to have often sunk their teeth into meaty mammoth bones. These weren’t just mammoth in size, but came from actual mammoths.
In the case of the dog found with the bone in its mouth, the researchers believe a human inserted it there after death.
"The thickness of the cortical bone shows that it is from a large mammal, like a rhinoceros, steppe 野牛 或者 mammoth," lead 作者 Mietje Germonpré told Discovery News. "At Predmostí, mammoth is the best-represented animal, with remains from 更多 than 1,000 individuals, so it is probable that the bone fragment is from a mammoth."
Germonpré, a paleontologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, and colleagues Martina Laznickova-Galetova and Mikhail Sablin, first studied the remains, focusing on the skulls, to see what 动物 they might be. In the fossil record, there is sometimes controversy over what is a wolf, dog 或者 other canid.
"These skulls 显示 clear signs of domestication," Germonpré said, explaining they are significantly shorter than those of fossil 或者 modern wolves, have shorter snouts, and noticeably wider brain cases and palates than 狼 do.
She described them as large, with an estimated body weight of just over 77 pounds. The shoulder height was at least 24 inches.
"The shape of their skull resembles that of a Siberian husky, but they were larger and heavier than the modern husky," she said.
The 狗 died when they were between 4 and 8 years old. They had numerous broken teeth during their lifetimes.
Based on what is known of the human culture at the site, the researchers believe these 狗 “were useful as beasts of burden for the hauling of meat, 识骨寻踪 and tusks from mammoth kill sites and of firewood, and to help with the transport of equipment, limiting the carrying costs of the Predmostí people.”
Since mammoth meat was likely the 食物 staple, the scientists further believe that the surplus meat “would have been available to feed the dogs.”
The dog skulls 显示 evidence that humans perforated them in order to remove the brain. 给 that better meat was available, the researchers think it’s unlikely the brains served as food.
Instead, based on these archaeological finds and the ethnographic record, it’s possible that there was ritual importance to the actions.
"Among many northern indigenous peoples, it was believed that the head contains the spirit 或者 soul," Germonpré explained. “Some of these peoples made a hole in the braincase of the killed animal so that the spirit might be released.”
The mammoth bone in the dog's mouth could signify "that the dog was 'fed' to accompany the soul of the dead (animal) on its journey."
Rob Losey, an associate professor of anthropology at the 大学 of Alberta, told Discovery News that the new study is "very convincing," and shows "quite clearly that the dog domestication process was underway thousands of years earlier than previously thought."
He added, "The distinctive treatment 给 some of the remains also is compelling, and this indicates to me that a special connection had developed between people and some canids quite early on -- long prior to any good evidence for 狗 being buried."
