no harry does not ever get his firebolt back because when he was being transported to the burrow he was in the side car of sirius's bike and the 扫帚 fell out.
not really if falls to the earth from really high up oin the air while the dark lord was chasing him on the way to the 安全 house that was also like a rest stop on the way to the borrow
No I don't think he did becouse it fell out of the 车斗, 边车, 挎斗 Harry was in when him and Hagrid were trying to get away from the Death Eaters. So it could be anywhere between 女贞, privet, 普里怀特街 Drive and the borrow, plus it was dark.